D8 - Attach file programmatically to a node

Scenario 1: If the file resides on the other server/website. Try the below code,

 use \Drupal\node\Entity\Node;

 /** Create file object from remote server/website URL. */
$data = file_get_contents('https://www.example.com/sites/default/files/logo.png');
$file = file_save_data($data, 'public://logo.png', FILE_EXISTS_REPLACE);

 // Create node object with attached file.
$node = Node::create([
  'type'        => 'article',
  'title'       => 'Sample test',
  'field_image' => [
    'target_id' => $file->id(),
  ],
]);
$node->save();

 Refer "file_save_data" API for more options/overide functions

 Scenario 2:  If the file resides on the same server/website. Try the below code,

 use \Drupal\node\Entity\Node;
use \Drupal\file\Entity\File;

// Create file object from a locally copied file.
$uri  = file_unmanaged_copy('public://source.jpg', 'public://destination.jpg', FILE_EXISTS_REPLACE);
$file = File::Create([
  'uri' => $uri,
]);
$file->save();

// Load existing node and attach file.
$node = Node::load(1);
$node->field_image->setValue([
  'target_id' => $file->id(),
]);
$node->save();

 Refer "file_unmanaged_copy" API for more options/overide functions
 Scenario 3: Create a Placeholder/dummy file

 use \Drupal\node\Entity\Node;

$node = Node::create([
  'type'  => 'article',
  'title' => 'Generated image test',
]);
$node->field_image->generateSampleItems();
$node->save(); 

 Good Luck!

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